Using volatility contraction to increase your profits

Often you see people talking about a winning trade, and how far in percentage terms price moved in their favour after entry.

But on its own, this doesn't tell you anything - to me, it is a worthless metric when evaluating performance.

As a trader, I'm far more interested in the size of the profit (or loss) generated when expressed in terms of R.

Trend following, absolute returns and controlling open risk

At its core, trend following is an 'absolute returns' approach. You only have to look at the high-octane monthly performance generated by the Turtles back in the 1980's to see that. But to achieve that, you generally cannot impose too tight a control over the levels of volatility you have to endure. That is the other side of the coin.

Questioning some popularly-held beliefs

Stripping back our beliefs and subsequently our rules to their absolute basics, as trend followers, ideally we would want to be able to:

• generate an entry signal as early as possible into a new trend;
• exit a non-performing trade, if the new trend has failed, as soon as possible; and
• allow our position to run as far as possible on our chosen timeframe until that trend is invalidated.

Around those basic concepts people can follow pure price data or utilise technical analysis to 'formulate' their entry and exit rules.

As I've said before, I can be a bit of a trading heretic, and like to challenge some of the more popularly-held beliefs about how to trade successfully.

Below are a couple of those beliefs which I believe are worth further scrutiny - the use of multiple timeframe analysis and trend 'filters'.

Some thoughts on defining market states

When people talk about the four market states, typically they refer to these as trending, non-trending, stable (low volatility) and volatile.

However, what you need to consider is there is no definitive answer to how you identify each state, and the answer may differ from trader to trader.

A Turtle talks about trend following on stocks

Almost a month ago I posted this article about how that, given the recent price action, I was currently shorting individual stocks. I also mentioned that I had recently taken a couple of long trades, again purely based on meeting my entry criteria and triggering an entry.

Well, since then the long positions taken ended up generating small losses, but some of the short trades taken are still going strong. No reason to exit if the trend is still intact and the trailing stops haven't been hit...

Ten years on - the critical lessons I learnt from 2008

Ten years ago the equity and financial markets were in the middle of an unprecedented period. My interactions with the markets around that time were the ultimate proving ground for putting into practice what I had learnt and developed over the previous few years, and my experiences over those few months helped propel me forward as a trend follower.

Some of it wasn't easy, and some lessons learnt (and re-learnt!) cost me money. But in the long run, the tuition fees paid have been covered many times over.

Here are some of the lessons I learned from that time, which still form part of my overall approach:

Bitcoin and the evaporation of open profits

One of the most difficult aspects of trend following for inexperienced traders to accept is that you never get out at the extreme of a price move, and that there is always an element of 'giving back' a portion of open profits before an exit signal is given.

Generally speaking, the longer-term the trends you are trying to capture, the more wiggle-room your trailing stops need to give to current price action - this is to ensure that you are not stopped out due to a relatively minor retracement or price noise.

When starting to trade a new method or parameters, even if you have may be got the confidence of decent back testing results, there is still the big step into the unknown when it comes to dealing with the psychological element of letting profits evaporate when you have real money in the game.

This was brought home to me recently when discussing a long-term trend following system with an aspiring trend follower.

Learning from the Turtles experiment - what should you learn first?

The ad that started a legend.

An often overlooked aspect of the Turtle Traders experiment was not simply what they got told, but the order in what they got told. We can piece this together from the various writings about the experiment, including that of the Turtles themselves.

"Rich and Bill first taught us the foundations of basic gaming and probability theory. They explained to us the mathematical basis for money management, risk of ruin, and expectation" - Curtis Faith, from Way of The Turtle

It is also known that, while a commodities trader, Richard Dennis preferred not to read economic or crop reports - his preferred reading was Psychology Today. So I think it would be fair to say that (whether it was directly done or not) there was some basic trading psychology covered during the training period.

Trend following, robustness and adapting to market conditions

There is a school of thought amongst some traders which says you need to adapt and adjust your chosen method, in response to changes in the market environment. These might relate to the markets you trade switching from a trending to a non-trending state, or from suffering varying levels of volatility. 

Against this, others will say having to go through this process on a regular basis indicates possible over-optimization and a lack of robustness in your method.

The Golden Rule

I would be considered by many to be a loser at trading. This is on the basis that I have far more losing trades than winners. And, if that metric alone determined whether someone is profitable or not, then they would be right.

But fortunately, they are not. Because I use what Van Tharp calls 'The Golden Rule'. It has been around for more than 200 years. Trend followers swear by it. If you can use it, you can make money. What is it?

Some thoughts on differing trend following performance

Even if you adopt a trend following method, the nature of the price action in the markets traded will affect the performance that different trend following methods can achieve.

Thanks to Michael Covel's excellent book on the Turtles, we can review the performance achieved by those traders*. And we can see that, even though they were all looking at the same basket of instruments, the traders achieved wildly differing results.

A famous lesson for the Turtles from a winning trade

I saw a recent tweet talking about how losing trades can be more instructional than winning trades. I happen to think that, for a trend follower, you can learn more from winning trades. 

A famous example of this is the heating oil trade taken by the Turtle traders, which occurred during their initial training period early in 1984.

Now, out of the group, the story goes that only one trader was able to get on a 'fully loaded' position and then fully follow the rules given to them by Richard Dennis and William Eckhardt - and that was Curtis Faith. And therein lies an important psychological lesson for people who are attempting to trade using a trend following approach.

Jerry Parker on volatility

It's been a while since I read Michael Covel's The Complete Turtle Trader - the story of the famous Turtles experiment with Richard Dennis and William Eckhardt and their band of trend followers in the mid-1980's.

Whenever you read an old favourite after a while you tend to discover some little nugget that you may have previously overlooked. As an example, today I came across the following excerpt featuring quotes from Jerry Parker:

Choosing not to play - how one trader approached the EU referendum

"Systems trading is ultimately discretionary. The manager still has to decide how much to risk to accept, which markets to play, and how aggressively to increase and decrease the trading base as a function of equity change. These decisions are quite important - often more important than trade timing." - Ed Seykota

Two weeks have past since the result of the EU referendum here in the UK was announced.

Spinning your wheel(s)

A few weeks back, I spoke to a trend follower who had been experiencing a frustrating period in the market. This particular individual previously worked in the City of London and has a strong regard for good risk control.

Much ado about nothing

Well that's the first quarter wrapped up for 2016. And, as the metrics show, nothing much has happened in terms of performance. Looking at the monthly returns over the last year or so in particular, these losing months have been kept as small as possible. And, even after a period of non-performance, the returns on all closed trades is about 5R off of all time equity highs. Which, in the longer-term scheme of things, is nothing. One relatively decent trend will cover that.

As a comparison, below is a screenshot of the published monthly returns for Mark J Walsh & Co. While he was not one of the participants in the Turtles experiment from the 1980's, Walsh was an associate of Richard Dennis. You can view the monthly performance of other trend followers (including some of the former Turtles) here. 

Que sera sera...

Reading my social media feeds this week there is a lot of negativity out there. Markets are overbought, ECB comments later today will start to bring the markets down, fundamental data is really bad, the pullback within the longer-term uptrend is now complete, blah, blah. Yet here I am holding a few long positions.

Now, they may well be right, and I may be wrong - after all, I'm wrong a lot more than I'm right. And if I am wrong, that is what good risk management is for.

The point here is that, if you use a method that has a positive expectancy, with clearly defined rules of when to buy and sell, then you should ignore what other traders may be saying or doing. If not, then what's the point of creating your own method and rules?

Finding your own holy grail

While many people say there is no such thing as a holy grail in trading, I happen to believe there is, but not in the generally accepted sense of some magical set of entry and exit parameters. Furthermore, I believe everyone's holy grail will be personal and unique to themselves.

Finding your own holy grail is a two-step process:

Looking backwards to go forwards

The last few weeks have been a total washout for me. The volatility in the market (and in individual stocks) meant that I was getting hardly any setups to consider, let alone take - in either direction. As someone who follows price trends, this was a concern. The majority of stocks, as well as the general market averages have been trending downwards, so why was this?

Dealing with profit erosion

Today was an interesting day. My one existing long position saw its profit evaporate after the release of a trading update, after which the stock fell just over 7%. However, this drop did not invalidate the trend, nor did it hit my stop. As a result I continue to hold the position. Of course, that may change tomorrow...