Note: this post originally appeared in July 2014, and has been updated to reflect performance since then.
1R is the amount you risk on each trade. Profits or losses are calculated by taking the result and dividing by the initial risk. For example, if you risk £100 per trade, and you end up with a profit of £500, that's a +5R profit. If you lose £80, that's an -0.8R loss.